(15) optimized the hydrocracking process on the basis of the Kriging surrogate method, and an optimization algorithm was developed to optimize the process’s operational conditions. It was found that the axial-dispersion model can be used to interpret the system for dynamic and steady-state implementations with good accuracy. (14) A multiphase reactor associated with heavy oil hydrocracking was prosperously modeled taking into account the influences of both radial/axial dispersions. This approach is named the lumping method, assuming that each group is an independent entity. (12,13) Classification of the components into a few equivalent groups can be considered to make the problem simple. The reaction kinetics is one of the major parameters that deserves careful attention to obtain a reliable reactor model. (11) However, mathematical analysis of the hydrocracking process of heavy crude oil is too difficult because of the association of many parameters including complex reaction mechanisms, porous medium, many components, mass and heat transport phenomena, etc. An attractive alternative way to decrease the cost and save time is the development of mathematical models that sufficiently explain the behavior of the process. Experiments to find optimum operational conditions, catalyst preparation, and kinetic investigations are expensive and time-consuming.
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